Readers responded to recent reviews of Sherry Turkle’s “Reclaiming Conversation” and Niall Ferguson’s “Kissinger.” CS@VT faculty member Deborah Tatar contributed to the discussion.
Read the full commentary here.
Month: October 2015
The Center for Human-Computer Interaction Celebrates 20 Years
Students, faculty and guests celebrated the 20th anniversary of the Center for Human Computer Interaction (CHCI) at Virginia Tech on October 16, 2015. The event featured panel discussions, demonstrations, tours and networking opportunities. Special guests included John Carroll (Founding Director and Professor at Penn State University), Doug A. Bowman (Current CHCI Director and Professor at Virginia Tech), and Marybeth Rosson (Founding Member and Professor at Penn State University). HCI research at VT has an even deeper history, starting in 1979, with the pioneering work of VT faculty Rex Harrison and Roger Ehrich in Computer Science and Bob Williges in Industrial and Systems Engineering.
The mission of the CHCI is to advance the scholarship, impact, and reach of human-computer interaction (HCI) research at Virginia Tech through programs that support multi-disciplinary HCI researchers and enhance the international reputation and visibility of Virginia Tech’s HCI research. The Center is a growing trans-disciplinary community of HCI scholars, known worldwide for excellence in research. CHCI works to expand our understanding of the human use of computing technologies and seeks to invent the future in order to make a positive impact on society in diverse application areas.
Visit the CHCI website at http://www.hci.vt.edu for more information.
New research method identifies stealth attacks on complicated computer systems
New research method identifies stealth attacks on complicated computer systems
Blacksburg, Virginia, October XX, 2015 – Imagine millions of lines of instructions. Then try and picture how one extremely tiny anomaly could be found in almost real-time and prevent a cyber security attack.
Called a “program anomaly detection approach,” a trio of Virginia Tech computer scientists have tested their innovation against many real-world attacks. One type of attack is when an adversary is able to remotely access a computer bypassing authentication such as a login screen. A second example of attack is called heap feng shui where attackers hijack the control of a browser by manipulating its memory layout. Another example of attack is called directory harvesting where spammers interact with vulnerable mail servers to steal valid email addresses. The prototype developed by the Virginia Tech scientists proved to be effective and reliable at these types of attacks with a less than 0.01 percent false positive rate.
Their findings are reported today in an invited presentation at the 22nd Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Denver, CO, Oct 12-16, 2015. http://www.sigsac.org/ccs/CCS2015/
“Our work, in collaboration with Naren Ramakrishnan, http://www.cs.vt.edu/user/ramakrishnan is titled, “Unearthing Stealthy Program Attacks Buried in Extremely Long Execution Paths,” said Danfeng (Daphne) Yao, http://www.cs.vt.edu/user/yao associate professor of computer science at Virginia Tech. Xiaokui Shu, a computer science doctoral student of Anqing, China, advised by Yao, was the first author.
“Stealthy attacks buried in long execution paths of a software program cannot be revealed by examining fragments of the path,” Yao, who holds the title of the L-3 Communications Cyber Faculty Fellow of Computer Science, said.
Yao explained, “Modern exploits have manipulation tactics that hide them from existing detection tools. An example is an attacker who overwrites one of the variables before the actual authentication procedure. As a result, the attacker bypasses critical security control and logs in without authentication.”
Over time, these stealthy attacks on computer systems have just become more and more sophisticated.
The Virginia Tech computer scientists’ secret formula in finding a stealth attack is in their algorithms. With specific matrix-based pattern recognition, the three were able to analyze the execution path of a software program and discover correlations among events. “The idea is to profile the program’s behavior, determine how often some events are supposed to occur, and with which other events, and use this information to detect anomalous activity” said Ramakrishnan.
“Because the approach works by analyzing the behavior of computer code, it can be used to study a variety of different attacks” added Yao. Their anomaly detection algorithms were able to detect erratic program behaviors with very low false alarms even when there are complex and diverse execution patterns.
Yao and Ramakrishnan have lengthy portfolios in the study of malicious software and data mining.
In 2014, Yao received a U.S. Army Research Office Young Investigator award to detect anomalies that are caused by system compromises and malicious insiders. This award allowed her to design big data algorithms that focused on discovering logical relations among human activities. In 2010 she won a National Science Foundation CAREER award to develop software that differentiated human-user computer interaction from that of malware, commonly known as malicious software.
Ramakrishnan, who holds the Thomas L. Phillips Professorship of Engineering, directs Virginia Tech’s Discovery Analytics Center http://dac.cs.vt.edu, supported by the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science http://www.ictas.vt.edu . A Distinguished Scientist of the ACM, Ramakrishnan has concentrated his research on data mining, the science of processing massive quantities of data to discover patterns and to produce new insights.
The Office of Naval Research and the Army Research Office supported this new work.
##
CS faculty lead effort to create a new Ph.D. program focused on big data and urbanization
By the year 2030, six out of every 10 people in the world are projected to live in a city. Key issues faced by urban populations, such as public health, sustainable use of limited energy resources, emergency preparedness, and societal stability, will rise to the forefront. Virginia Tech will create a new PhD program called UrbComp focused on big data and urbanization. UrbComp will prepare doctoral students to become interdisciplinary data scientists who will use computational modeling to tackle the challenges faced by urban populations. This is one of only 10 NSF NRT awards made from more than 200 submissions, after two rounds of panel reviews. The award size is approximately $3 million over 5 years. The Discovery Analytics Center (DAC) will lead this effort with participation from faculty drawn from 10 departments (CS, AAEC, AOE, CEE, ECE, MATH, PHS, SOC, STAT, UAP), 4 centers/labs (DAC, ARI, NDSSL, SDAL), 3 institutes (VBI, ICTAS, VTTI), and 6 colleges (COE, COS, CAUS, CALS, CLAHS, VMCVM). Students pursuing a Ph.D. from one of eight departments at Virginia Tech (computer science, mathematics, statistics, electrical and computer engineering, population health sciences, urban affairs and planning, civil and environmental engineering, or sociology) can participate in the UrbComp program. The program directed by Naren Ramakrishnan and co-directed by Layne Watson will be available to students from both Blacksburg and National Capital Region campuses.
Principal Investigators:
Naren Ramakrishnan (CS)
Layne Watson (CS, MATH, AOE)
Mark Embree (MATH)
Leanna House (STAT)
Achla Marathe (VBI, AAEC)
Senior Personnel:
David Bieri (UAP)
Kaja Abbas (PHS)
Saifur Rahman (ECE)
John Ryan (SOC)
Hesham Rakha (CEE, VTTI)
Other participating faculty:
Dhruv Batra (ECE)
Chang-Tien Lu (CS)
Devi Parikh (ECE)
B. Aditya Prakash (CS)
Stephen Eubank (VBI, PHS)
Madhav Marathe (VBI, CS)
Anil Vullikanti (VBI, CS)
Sallie Keller (VBI, STAT)
Stephanie Shipp (VBI)
Russian flu project wins funding from National Endowment for the Humanities
Virginia Tech has received a grant of $175,000 from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) for research about the Russian flu epidemic of the late 19th century.
The project, a collaboration with Leibniz Universität Hannover in Germany, will examine medical discussion and news reporting during the epidemic, from its outbreak in late 1889 through successive waves that persisted well into 1893. Separate funding to Leibniz brings the total project research budget to more than $315,000.
Titled “Tracking the Russian Flu in U.S. and German Medical and Popular Reports, 1889-1893,” the project will collect English- and German-language reports from digitized newspapers and medical journals to create the first comprehensive searchable documentation of the disease.
The data will be used to extract facts and timelines, investigate medical and public reaction to the epidemic, and research how medical knowledge was disseminated through popular reporting.
“This project on the Russian flu exemplifies the commitment to cross-disciplinary, collaborative, and technologically astute humanities scholarship at Virginia Tech,” said Elizabeth Spiller, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences. “I am particularly pleased to see the central role that Virginia Tech undergraduates will play in the creation of new knowledge, a distinctive feature of so many of our undergraduate majors.”
Virginia Tech participants in the project include Tom Ewing, associate dean in the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences and professor in the Department of History; Aditya Prakash, assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science and an affiliated faculty member at the Discovery Analytics Center; and Amy Nelson, associate professor in the Department of History and Innovation Catalyst Group Faculty Fellow in Technology-enhanced Learning and Online Strategies.
Read the full story here.
Kirk Cameron illustrates the concept of parallel computing at the World Maker Faire
One of the centerpieces of the recent World Maker Faire in New York City was a giant cylindrical object studded with hundreds of translucent green electronic panels that waved around like leaves in the wind. The object was SeeMore, an animatronic sculpture designed by sculptor Sam Blanchard and computer scientist Kirk Cameron to illustrate the concept of parallel computing. Blanchard calls the project a “physical data visualization that demonstrates the changes occurring.” The name is a reference to supercomputing pioneer Seymour Cray. SeeMore is itself a parallel computer: each of SeeMore’s 256 translucent green “leaves” is a Raspberry Pi microcontroller attached to the main structure with a 90-degree reticulating motor. The Raspberry Pis are all networked together to parse up and down a database of New York City public records. When an individual Raspberry Pi was idle, its “leaf” would be held stationary against the main structure, and it would extend away when it was carrying out computations. In this way, SeeMore embodies the process of parallel computing. Blanchard says the goal of the installation was to “get us to stop thinking of computers in a black box.”
Ali Butt to serve as general chair for IEEE MASCOTS 2015 conference
Professor Ali Butt will serve as general chair for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) MASCOTS 2015 conference in Atlanta, GA. The 23rd International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems will bring together academics and industry practitioners to present and discuss their latest research results from October 4 to 7. Read more about the conference here.
CS department represented at the Virginia Science Festival
The Virginia Science Festival, on September 26, 2015, featured hands-on experiences, live performances, and interactive demonstrations that inspired a wonder in science for all ages. Professor Ed Fox represented the Department of Computer Science by hosting a table at the event. Dr. Fox is the principle investigator on a NSF-funded project called IDEAL (Integrated Digital Event Archive & Library). The table was located inside the Moss Center for the Arts. Dr. Fox in addition to volunteers Jieun Chon and Sunshin Lee (graduate research assistant) demonstrated their data and software. The CS@VT team collected Post-It notes indicating what world event and community activity had greatest personal importance from individuals who stopped at the table. The input, from the participants, will help guide gathering of tweets and webpages, and the development of improved methods for searching, browsing, analyzing, and visualizing the resulting Big Data collections. The table engaged hundreds of visitors of all ages in citizen science.
Osman Balci to give speech at the U.S. Senate
Dr. Osman Balci, computer science professor, will give an hour-long keynote speech entitled “Security and Privacy Tips for using iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and Apple Watch” at the U.S. Senate in Washington, DC on October 9, 2015. This talk is part of the National Cyber Security Awareness Month.
