Publications

@inproceedings{tahmid2025enhancing,

title = {Enhancing Immersive Sensemaking with Gaze-Driven Recommendation Cues},

author = {Ibrahim Tahmid and Chris North and Kylie Davidson and Kirsten Whitley and Doug A Bowman},

doi = {10.1145/3708359.3712103},

isbn = {979-8-4007-1306-4/25/03},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-24},

urldate = {2025-03-24},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces},

pages = {641--659},

organization = {ACM},

abstract = {Sensemaking is a complex task that places a heavy cognitive demand on individuals. 

With the recent surge in data availability, making sense of vast amounts of information has become a significant challenge for many professionals, such as intelligence analysts. 

Immersive technologies such as mixed reality offer a potential solution by providing virtually unlimited space to organize data.

However, the difficulty of processing, filtering relevant information, and synthesizing insights remains.

We proposed using eye-tracking data from mixed reality head-worn displays to derive the analyst's perceived interest in documents and words, and convey that part of the mental model to the analyst.

The global interest of the documents is reflected in their color, and their order on the list, while the local interest of the documents is used to generate focused recommendations for a document.

To evaluate these recommendation cues, we conducted a user study with two conditions: a gaze-aware system, EyeST, and a ``Freestyle'' system without gaze-based visual cues. 

Our findings reveal that the EyeST helped analysts stay on track by reading more essential information while avoiding distractions. 

However, this came at the cost of reduced focused attention and perceived system performance.

The results of our study highlight the need for explainable AI in human-AI collaborative sensemaking to build user trust and encourage the integration of AI outputs into the immersive sensemaking process. 

Based on our findings, we offer a set of guidelines for designing gaze-driven recommendation cues in an immersive environment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10972389,

title = {Exploring the Effects of Level of Control in the Initialization of Shared Whiteboarding Sessions in Collaborative Augmented Reality},

author = {Logan Lane and Jerald Thomas and Alexander Giovannelli and Ibrahim Tahmid and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/VRW66409.2025.00220},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)},

pages = {1101-1109},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10972814,

title = {Planet Purifiers: A Collaborative Immersive Experience Proposing New Modifications to HOMER and Fishing Reel Interaction Techniques},

author = {Alexander Giovannelli and Fionn Murphy and Trey Davis and Chaerin Lee and Rehema Abulikemu and Matthew Gallagher and Sahil Sharma and Lee Lisle and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/VRW66409.2025.00409},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)},

pages = {1528-1529},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10937462,

title = {Investigating the Influence of Playback Interactivity during Guided Tours for Asynchronous Collaboration in Virtual Reality},

author = {Alexander Giovannelli and Leonardo Pavanatto and Shakiba Davari and Haichao Miao and Vuthea Chheang and Brian Giera and Timo Bremer and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/VR59515.2025.00027},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)},

pages = {23-33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10937442,

title = {Exploring Multiscale Navigation of Homogeneous and Dense Objects with Progressive Refinement in Virtual Reality},

author = {Leonardo Pavanatto and Alexander Giovannelli and Brian Giera and Timo Bremer and Haichao Miao and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/VR59515.2025.00047},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)},

pages = {228-237},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{nokey,

title = {Goldilocks Zoning: Evaluating a Gaze-Aware Approach to Task-Agnostic VR Notification Placement},

author = {Cory Ilo and Stephen DiVerdi and Doug A. Bowman},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677386.3682087},

doi = {10.1145/3677386.3682087},

isbn = {9798400710889},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-07},

urldate = {2024-10-07},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction},

pages = {12},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},

address = {New York, NY, USA},

series = {SUI '24},

abstract = {While virtual reality (VR) offers immersive experiences, users need to remain aware of notifications from outside VR. However, inserting notifications into a VR experience can result in distraction or breaks in presence, since existing notification systems in VR use static placement and lack situational awareness. We address this challenge by introducing a novel notification placement technique, Goldilocks Zoning (GZ), which leverages a 360-degree heatmap generated using gaze data to place notifications near salient areas of the environment without obstructing the primary task. To investigate the effectiveness of this technique, we conducted a dual-task experiment comparing GZ to common notification placement techniques. We found that GZ had similar performance to state-of-the-art techniques in a variety of primary task scenarios. Our study reveals that no single technique is universally optimal in dynamic settings, underscoring the potential for adaptive approaches to notification management. As a step in this direction, we explored the potential to use machine learning to predict the task based on the gaze heatmap.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{pavanatto2024_expanding_replacing,

title = {Virtual Displays for Knowledge Work: Extending or Replacing Physical Monitors for More Flexibility and Screen Space},

author = {Leonardo Pavanatto and Doug A. Bowman},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-03-17},

urldate = {2024-03-17},

booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)},

pages = {2 pages},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10536565,

title = {The Alchemist: A Gesture-Based 3D User Interface for Engaging Arithmetic Calculations},

author = {Logan Lane and Alexander Giovannelli and Ibrahim Tahmid and Francielly Rodrigues and Cory Ilo and Darren Hsu and Christos Lougiakis and Shakiba Davari and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/VRW62533.2024.00347},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)},

pages = {1106-1107},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{lisle-specetothinkdisplays,

title = {Spaces to Think: A Comparison of Small, Large, and Immersive Displays for the Sensemaking Process},

author = {Lee Lisle and Kylie Davidson and Leonardo Pavanatto and Ibrahim Tahmid and Chris North and Doug Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/ISMAR59233.2023.00125},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-16},

urldate = {2023-10-16},

booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)},

pages = {1084-1093},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{rodrigues2023_ampit,

title = {AMP-IT and WISDOM: Improving 3D Manipulation for High-Precision Tasks in Virtual Reality},

author = {Francielly Rodrigues and Alexander Giovannelli and Leonardo Pavanatto and Haichao Miao and Jauvane C. Oliveira and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/ISMAR59233.2023.00045},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-16},

urldate = {2023-10-16},

booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)},

pages = {303-311},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{tahmid2023colt,

title = {CoLT: Enhancing Collaborative Literature Review Tasks with Synchronous and Asynchronous Awareness Across the Reality-Virtuality Continuum},

author = {Ibrahim A Tahmid and Francielly Rodrigues and Alexander Giovannelli and Lee Lisle and Jerald Thomas and Doug A Bowman},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)},

pages = {831–836},

organization = {IEEE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{tahmid2023evaluating,

title = {Evaluating the Feasibility of Predicting Information Relevance During Sensemaking with Eye Gaze Data},

author = {Ibrahim A Tahmid and Lee Lisle and Kylie Davidson and Kirsten Whitley and Chris North and Doug A Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/ISMAR59233.2023.00086},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)},

pages = {713–722},

organization = {IEEE},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10316471,

title = {Uncovering Best Practices in Immersive Space to Think},

author = {Kylie Davidson and Lee Lisle and Ibrahim A. Tahmid and Kirsten Whitley and Chris North and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/ISMAR59233.2023.00126},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)},

pages = {1094-1103},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10.1145/3607822.3614515,

title = {In-the-Wild Experiences with an Interactive Glanceable AR System for Everyday Use},

author = {Feiyu Lu and Leonardo Pavanatto and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1145/3607822.3614515},

isbn = {9798400702815},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction},

publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},

address = {Sydney, NSW, Australia},

series = {SUI '23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10108888,

title = {CLUE HOG: An Immersive Competitive Lock-Unlock Experience using Hook On Go-Go Technique for Authentication in the Metaverse},

author = {Alexander Giovannelli and Francielly Rodrigues and Shakiba Davari and Ibrahim A. Tahmid and Logan Lane and Cherelle Connor and Kylie Davidson and Gabriella N. Ramirez and Brendan David-John and Doug A. Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00315},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)},

pages = {945-946},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{10108770,

title = {A Communication-Focused Framework for Understanding Immersive Collaboration Experiences},

author = {Jerald Thomas and Sang Won Lee and Alexander Giovannelli and Logan Lane and Doug Bowman},

doi = {10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00070},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)},

pages = {301-304},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}