{"id":303,"date":"2019-01-31T13:39:23","date_gmt":"2019-01-31T13:39:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/?p=303"},"modified":"2019-01-31T13:39:24","modified_gmt":"2019-01-31T13:39:24","slug":"reading-reflection-2-01-31-alon-bendelac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/2019\/01\/31\/reading-reflection-2-01-31-alon-bendelac\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading Reflection #2 &#8211; [01\/31] &#8211; [Alon Bendelac]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Summary<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The issue of\nfake news has received a lot of attention lately due to the 2016 US\nPresidential Elections. This research paper compares real, fake, and satire\nsources using three datasets. The study finds that fake news is more similar to\nsatire news than to real news; and uses heuristics rather than arguments. It is\nalso found that news article titles are significantly different between real\nand fake news. Three categories of features were studied: stylistic,\ncomplexity, and psychological. The study uses the one-way ANOVA test and the\nWilcoxo rank sum test to determine if the news categories (real, fake, and\nsatire) show statistically significant differences in any of the features\nstudied. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification was used to demonstrate that\nthe strong differences between real, fake and satire news can be used to\npredict news of unknown classification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reflection<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Punctuation<\/strong>: In Table 3(c), one of the stylistic\nfeatures is \u201cnumber of punctuation.\u201d The study looks at all types of punctuation\nas a whole, and only considers the total number of punctuations. I think it\nwould be interesting to look at specific punctuation types separately. For\nexample, maybe fake news articles are more likely than real news articles to\nhave an ellipsis in the title. An ellipsis might be a common technique used by\nfake news organizations to attract readers. Similarly, question marks in the\ntitle might also be commonly used in fake news articles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Neural networks<\/strong>: The study used Support Vector\nMachine (SVM) to predict if an article is real or fake. I wonder how a neural\nnetwork, which is more abstract and flexible than an SVM, would perform. In\nTable 6, only two of the three categories (real, fake, and satire) are tested\nat a time, because an SVM is designed for two classes. A neural network could\nbe designed to classify articles into one of the three categories. This would\nmake more sense than an SVM, since we usually can\u2019t eliminate one of the three\ncategories and then test for just the other two.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Processing embedded links<\/strong>: This study only looks at the bodies\nof articles as plain text, without considering possible links within the text.\nI think looking into where embedded links direct you could help detect fake\nnews. For example, if an article contains a link to another article known to be\nfake news, then the first article is most likely also fake news. The research\nquestion could be: <em>Can embedded links be\nused to predict if a news article is fake or real?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Number of citations and references<\/strong>: I believe the real news stories are\nmore likely to contain citations, references, and quotes than fake news\nstories. Number of quotes was one of the stylistic features, but number of\nreferences was not studied. A reference could be to a study or another news\narticle related to the one in question. A reference could also be to a past\nevent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary: The issue of fake news has received a lot of attention lately due to the 2016 US Presidential Elections. This research paper compares real, fake, and satire sources using three datasets. The study finds that fake news is more similar to satire news than to real news; and uses heuristics rather than arguments. It [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":247,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/247"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=303"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":306,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/303\/revisions\/306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/cs4984spring19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}