{"id":2630,"date":"2021-09-07T08:56:25","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T13:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/?p=2630"},"modified":"2023-09-20T08:58:58","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T13:58:58","slug":"glanceable-ar-exploration-of-techniques-for-rapid-activation-of-glanceable-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/2021\/09\/07\/glanceable-ar-exploration-of-techniques-for-rapid-activation-of-glanceable-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Glanceable AR: Exploration of Techniques for Rapid Activation of Glanceable Information"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Future augmented reality (AR) glasses will provide pervasive and continuous access to everyday information. However, it remains unclear how to address the issue of virtual information overlaying and occluding real-world objects and information that are of interest to users. One approach is to keep virtual information sources inactive until they are explicitly requested, so that the real world remains visible. In this research, we explored the design of interaction techniques with which users can activate virtual information sources in AR. We studied this issue in the context of Glanceable AR, in which virtual information resides at the periphery of the user\u2019s view. We proposed five techniques and evaluated them in both sitting and walking scenarios. Our results demonstrate the usability, user preference, and social acceptance of each technique, as well as design recommendations to achieve optimal performance. Our findings can inform the design of lightweight techniques to activate virtual information displays in future everyday AR interfaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This paper won the <strong>Best Paper Honorable Mention Award<\/strong> at the ACM SUI&#8217;21 Conference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"381\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.49.56-1024x381.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.49.56-1024x381.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.49.56-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.49.56-768x286.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.49.56.png 1424w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>(a) When the user is looking in the direction of minimized virtual content, we propose five interaction techniques to activate the virtual information: (b) Fixation-Glance, in which users converge their gaze at the depth of the content; (c) Head-Depth; in which users lean backward three centimeters; (d) Hand-Overlay, in which users put their hand slightly behind the virtual content; (e) Blink; in which users blink the eye twice within one second; and (f) Dwell: in which users maintain their gaze on the virtual content for one second.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.53.10-1024x286.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.53.10-1024x286.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.53.10-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.53.10-768x214.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.53.10-1536x429.png 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.53.10-2048x572.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>We evaluated the five interfaces under two task contexts: (a) the sitting context, in which participants were asked to sit in front of a desktop computer and access information in the real-world sticky notes or the AR widgets; (b) the walking context, in which participants were asked to walk indoor and obtain information in the real-world signs or the AR widgets.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Techniques for Rapid Activation of Glanceable Information in Head-worn Augmented Reality\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mkir8A3CL9s?modestbranding=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"teachpress_pub_list\"><form name=\"tppublistform\" method=\"get\"><a name=\"tppubs\" id=\"tppubs\"><\/a><\/form><div class=\"teachpress_publication_list\"><h3 class=\"tp_h3\" id=\"tp_h3_conference\">Conferences<\/h3><div class=\"tp_publication tp_publication_conference\"><div class=\"tp_pub_info\"><p class=\"tp_pub_author\">Feiyu Lu; Shakiba Davari; Doug Bowman<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('191','tp_links')\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Exploration of Techniques for Rapid Activation of Glanceable Information in Head-Worn Augmented Reality<\/a> <span class=\"tp_pub_type tp_  conference\">Conference<\/span> <\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_additional\"><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_booktitle\">Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_series\">SUI '21 <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_publisher\">Association for Computing Machinery, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_address\">Virtual Event, USA, <\/span><span class=\"tp_pub_additional_year\">2021<\/span>, <span class=\"tp_pub_additional_isbn\">ISBN: 9781450390910<\/span>.<\/p><p class=\"tp_pub_menu\"><span class=\"tp_abstract_link\"><a id=\"tp_abstract_sh_191\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('191','tp_abstract')\" title=\"Show abstract\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Abstract<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_resource_link\"><a id=\"tp_links_sh_191\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('191','tp_links')\" title=\"Show links and resources\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">Links<\/a><\/span> | <span class=\"tp_bibtex_link\"><a id=\"tp_bibtex_sh_191\" class=\"tp_show\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('191','tp_bibtex')\" title=\"Show BibTeX entry\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\">BibTeX<\/a><\/span><\/p><div class=\"tp_bibtex\" id=\"tp_bibtex_191\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_bibtex_entry\"><pre>@conference{10.1145\/3485279.3485286,<br \/>\r\ntitle = {Exploration of Techniques for Rapid Activation of Glanceable Information in Head-Worn Augmented Reality},<br \/>\r\nauthor = {Feiyu Lu and Shakiba Davari and Doug Bowman},<br \/>\r\nurl = {https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3485279.3485286},<br \/>\r\ndoi = {10.1145\/3485279.3485286},<br \/>\r\nisbn = {9781450390910},<br \/>\r\nyear  = {2021},<br \/>\r\ndate = {2021-11-09},<br \/>\r\nbooktitle = {Symposium on Spatial User Interaction},<br \/>\r\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},<br \/>\r\naddress = {Virtual Event, USA},<br \/>\r\nseries = {SUI '21},<br \/>\r\nabstract = {Future augmented reality (AR) glasses may provide pervasive and continuous access <br \/>\r\nto everyday information. However, it remains unclear how to address the issue of virtual <br \/>\r\ninformation overlaying and occluding real-world objects and information that are of <br \/>\r\ninterest to users. One approach is to keep virtual information sources inactive until <br \/>\r\nthey are explicitly requested, so that the real world remains visible. In this research, <br \/>\r\nwe explored the design of interaction techniques with which users can activate virtual <br \/>\r\ninformation sources in AR. We studied this issue in the context of Glanceable AR, <br \/>\r\nin which virtual information resides at the periphery of the user\u2019s view. We proposed <br \/>\r\nfive techniques and evaluated them in both sitting and walking scenarios. Our results <br \/>\r\ndemonstrate the usability, user preference, and social acceptance of each technique, <br \/>\r\nas well as design recommendations to achieve optimal performance. Our findings can <br \/>\r\ninform the design of lightweight techniques to activate virtual information displays <br \/>\r\nin future everyday AR interfaces.},<br \/>\r\nkeywords = {},<br \/>\r\npubstate = {published},<br \/>\r\ntppubtype = {conference}<br \/>\r\n}<br \/>\r\n<\/pre><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('191','tp_bibtex')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_abstract\" id=\"tp_abstract_191\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_abstract_entry\">Future augmented reality (AR) glasses may provide pervasive and continuous access <br \/>\r\nto everyday information. However, it remains unclear how to address the issue of virtual <br \/>\r\ninformation overlaying and occluding real-world objects and information that are of <br \/>\r\ninterest to users. One approach is to keep virtual information sources inactive until <br \/>\r\nthey are explicitly requested, so that the real world remains visible. In this research, <br \/>\r\nwe explored the design of interaction techniques with which users can activate virtual <br \/>\r\ninformation sources in AR. We studied this issue in the context of Glanceable AR, <br \/>\r\nin which virtual information resides at the periphery of the user\u2019s view. We proposed <br \/>\r\nfive techniques and evaluated them in both sitting and walking scenarios. Our results <br \/>\r\ndemonstrate the usability, user preference, and social acceptance of each technique, <br \/>\r\nas well as design recommendations to achieve optimal performance. Our findings can <br \/>\r\ninform the design of lightweight techniques to activate virtual information displays <br \/>\r\nin future everyday AR interfaces.<\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('191','tp_abstract')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tp_links\" id=\"tp_links_191\" style=\"display:none;\"><div class=\"tp_links_entry\"><ul class=\"tp_pub_list\"><li><i class=\"fas fa-globe\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3485279.3485286\" title=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3485279.3485286\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3485279.3485286<\/a><\/li><li><i class=\"ai ai-doi\"><\/i><a class=\"tp_pub_list\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3485279.3485286\" title=\"Follow DOI:10.1145\/3485279.3485286\" target=\"_blank\">doi:10.1145\/3485279.3485286<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"tp_close_menu\"><a class=\"tp_close\" onclick=\"teachpress_pub_showhide('191','tp_links')\">Close<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"clear:both\"><\/div>\n<h2>Sponsor<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sponsor\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onr.navy.mil\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/themes\/3disensational\/images\/sponsors\/onr.png\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Future augmented reality (AR) glasses will provide pervasive and continuous access to everyday information. However, it remains unclear how to address the issue of virtual information overlaying and occluding real-world objects and information that are of interest to users. One approach is to keep virtual information sources inactive until they are explicitly requested, so that <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/2021\/09\/07\/glanceable-ar-exploration-of-techniques-for-rapid-activation-of-glanceable-information\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":2632,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[27,44],"ppma_author":[394,400,391],"class_list":["post-2630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-projects","tag-augmented-reality","tag-glanceable-content"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-06-at-17.49.13.png","authors":[{"term_id":394,"user_id":269,"is_guest":0,"slug":"feiyulu","display_name":"Feiyu Lu","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2020\/10\/Feiyu.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2020\/10\/Feiyu.jpg"},"author_category":"","user_url":"https:\/\/ericlu.me\/","last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Feiyu","job_title":"","description":"Feiyu is a 4th-year Ph.D. candidate. His Ph.D. work centers around prototyping and evaluating unobtrusive information display and interactions in AR to assist people with their daily tasks. Specifically, he explores how to enable efficient, natural, and non-intrusive placement, acquisition, transition, and interaction with everyday AR content for future always-on AR glasses."},{"term_id":400,"user_id":254,"is_guest":0,"slug":"sdavari","display_name":"Shakiba Davari","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2020\/11\/sdavari.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2020\/11\/sdavari.jpg"},"author_category":"","user_url":"","last_name":"Davari","first_name":"Shakiba","job_title":"","description":"With a background spanning human-computer interaction (HCI), applied machine learning (ML), and UX\/UI design, my work bridges AI and design, creating frameworks and principles to address real-world challenges and deliver meaningful user experiences.\r\nDuring my Ph.D., I focused on intelligent Augmented and eXtended Reality (AR\/XR) interfaces exploring ways to make AR more adaptive and user-centered. I developed context-aware AR solutions to enhance usability, efficiency, and social interaction while addressing AR challenges such as spatial layout, occlusion, and social intrusiveness in dynamic scenarios. My dissertation provides a roadmap for integrating AI with AR design and establishes frameworks and design principles for effective AR across various contexts."},{"term_id":391,"user_id":331,"is_guest":0,"slug":"dbowman","display_name":"Doug Bowman","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/01\/professional_photo2_2019-cropped-square-smaller-scaled.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/141\/2021\/01\/professional_photo2_2019-cropped-square-smaller-scaled.jpg"},"author_category":"1","user_url":"","last_name":"Bowman","first_name":"Doug","job_title":"","description":"Doug A. Bowman is the Frank J. Maher Professor of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.vt.edu\">Computer Science<\/a> at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vt.edu\">Virginia Tech<\/a>. He is the principal investigator of the <a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/\">3D Interaction Group<\/a>, focusing on the topics of three-dimensional user interfaces, VR\/AR user experience, and the benefits of immersion in virtual environments.\r\n\r\nDr. Bowman is one of the co-authors of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pearson.com\/us\/higher-education\/program\/La-Viola-3-D-User-Interfaces-Theory-and-Practice-2nd-Edition\/PGM101825.html\">3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice<\/a>. He has served in many roles for the <a href=\"http:\/\/ieeevr.org\">IEEE Virtual Reality Conference<\/a>, including program chair, general chair, and steering committee chair. He also co-founded the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (now part of IEEE VR). He received a CAREER award from the National Science Foundation for his work on 3D Interaction, and has been named an ACM Distinguished Scientist. He received the Technical Achievement award from the IEEE Visualization and Graphics Technical Committee in 2014 and the Career Impact Award from IEEE ISMAR in 2021.\r\n\r\nHis undergraduate degree in mathematics and computer science is from Emory University, and he received his M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science from the Georgia Institute of Technology.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/people.cs.vt.edu\/~bowman\/cv.pdf\">Curriculum vitae (PDF)<\/a>"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2630"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2630\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3087,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2630\/revisions\/3087"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2630"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.cs.vt.edu\/3digroup\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}